영양학의 역사적 분석 2-1

(2)화학분석의 시대

 

영양학의 체계화를 위해서 과학적인 지식을 동원한 여러 각도의 연구가 진행되었습니다.

 

1) 에너지설

영양학의 시조라고 존경받는 프랑스의 Lauent Lavoisier(1734~1794)는 물질의 연소는 물질과 산소와의 결합에 있다는 것을 처음으로 제창하였습니다. 그리고 그가 창작한 저울과 온도계로 실험을 행하여 에너지 대사의 기초를 만들었습니다. 실험용 쥐를 상자에 넣고 10시간 동안에 발생하는 탄산가스의 양을 측정하였는데 밀폐된 같은 크기의 상자 중에서 탄소 3.33g이 연소할 때에 발생하는 양과 같다는 것이 발견 되었습니다. 실험용 쥐의 체온에 의해 10시간 동안에 풀리는 얼음의 양을 측정하였더니, 3.33g의 탄소의 연소에서 얻어 발생되는 열로 풀리는 양과 상등하다는 것을 발견하였습니다. 여기서 그는 실험용 쥐가 발생하는 탄산가스는 체내에서 3.33g의 탄소가 연소함에 따른 것이라고 결론지었습니다. 

영양학의 발전에서 보면 간단한 실험 사실이었지만 에너지 대사의 본질을 확실하게 한 것으로 위대한 발견의 공헌자라고 할 수 있습니다.

18세기에 있어 에너지 대사에 관하여 연구한 학자로서 기억해야할 인물을 Black와 priestley가 있는데 이들 또한 호흡과 에너지 대사의 개념을 수립하는 데 큰 공헌을 하였죠.

 

Pettenkofer(1818~1901)는 호흡대사에 대해 연구를 하였는데 기존 Liebig(1803~1873)가 주장한 운동과 단백질 대사와의 관계를 뒤엎고, 근육 활동은 단백질 대사를 항진시키지 않는다는 결론을 내렸으며, 그 후 이 학설은 현재까지 계속되고 있습니다.

 

Pettenkofer

 

Voit에 이어서 호흡 대사를 연구한 사람은 Rubner(1855~1932)입니다. 독일에 있어서의 Voit의 제자인 Max Rubner는 동물에 의하여 발생되는 열은 체내에서의 연소되는 물질의 열의 총화와 일치한다는 것을 발견하였습니다. Rubner의 이 실험은 생물의 생활에 소비되는 운동 에너지, 즉 열에너지는 신비스러운 생명력에 유래된다는 그 당신의 생명관에 일대 혁명을 가지고 왔죠. 특히 Rubner는 동물이 발생하는 열은 체표면적에 비례한다 주창하였고, 체내에서 단백질, 지질 및 당질이 연소될 때 각각 몇 칼로리의 열이 나오는가를 명확히 하였습니다. 이렇게 하여 Rubner에 의해서 근대 영양학의 기초가 이루어졌다고 하여도 관언은 아닙니다.

 

출처 : 기초영양학(수학사)

 

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In order to systematize nutrition, various studies have been conducted using scientific knowledge.

1) Energy theory

Lauent Lavoisier (1734–1794), a French scholar who is respected as the founder of nutrition, first proposed that the combustion of matter is in the combination of matter and oxygen sulfur.,And he did experiments with the scales and thermometers he created, and he created the basis for energy metabolism. The amount of carbon dioxide generated during 10 hours was measured by putting the experimental rat in a box, and it was found that the amount of carbon generated when 3.33 grams of carbon was burned in the same sealed box. The amount of ice released during 10 hours by the body temperature of the experimental rat was measured and found to be equivalent to the amount of heat released from 3.33g of carbon combustion. Here he concluded that carbon dioxide, which produces experimental rats, is caused by 3.33 grams of carbon burning in the body.

In the development of nutrition, it was a simple experimental fact, but it is a contributor to great discovery that it has made the essence of energy metabolism clear.

In the 18th century, there were Black and Priestley who were the scholars who studied energy metabolism, and they also contributed greatly to establishing the concept of breathing and energy metabolism.

Pettenkoffer (1818–1901) studied respiratory metabolism, which overturned the relationship between exercise and protein metabolism claimed by Liebig (1803–1873), and concluded that muscle activity does not advance protein metabolism, and this theory has continued to this day.

 

Following Voit, the person who studied respiratory metabolism was Rubner (1855–1932).,Max Rubner, a student of Voit in Germany, found that the heat generated by animals coincides with the totalization of the heat of the burning material in the body. Rubner's experiment brought a revolution to your view of life that the kinetic energy consumed in life, that is, the thermal energy, comes from mysterious life. In particular, Rubner advocated that the heat generated by animals is proportional to the body surface area, and clarified how many calories each of the proteins, lipids and sugars are burned in the body. It is not a predicate that Rubner has made the basis of modern nutrition.